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Blockchain Based Transaction System with Fungible and Non-Fungible Tokens for a Community-Based Energy

Nikita Karandikar¹, Antorweep Chakravorty¹, Chunming Rong¹

¹Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 2, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a blockchain system for peer-to-peer energy trading among prosumers. The system efficiently manages tokenized energy assets using non-fungible tokens (NFT) and fungible tokens (FT).

Keywords:

NFT blockchain demand response fungible peak shaving prosumer smart grids trading

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Area of Science:

Energy Systems Engineering
Computer Science
Blockchain Technology

Background:

The rise of renewable energy microgeneration is fostering prosumer communities.
Peer-to-peer energy trading necessitates secure, decentralized transaction systems for tokenized energy assets.
Existing systems often lack the required decentralization, immutability, and access control for energy asset transactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a unified blockchain-based system for energy asset transactions.
To implement and evaluate two versions of the system using Hyperledger Fabric, differentiating between fungible tokens (FT) and non-fungible tokens (NFT).
To analyze the performance and compare the use-case, design, performance, advantages, and disadvantages of FT and NFT implementations.

Main Methods:

Development of a unified blockchain system on Hyperledger Fabric.
Modeling energy assets as non-fungible tokens (NFT) for unique assets and fungible tokens (FT) for value-only assets.
Implementation of algorithms for token lifecycle management within smart contracts.
Performance testing and comparative analysis of FT and NFT implementations.

Main Results:

Both FT and NFT implementations demonstrated comparable performance for most major operations.
The system achieved a throughput of 448.3 transactions per second for the transfer operation.
A detailed comparison of FT and NFT implementations based on various criteria was presented.

Conclusions:

The developed blockchain system provides a viable solution for peer-to-peer energy trading within prosumer communities.
The system efficiently handles tokenized energy assets using both FT and NFT models.
The implementation offers a reasonably low infrastructure footprint with competitive transaction throughput.