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STAT signaling in the intestine.

Yael R Nobel1, Kenneth Stier2, Suneeta Krishnareddy1

  • 1Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The Janus kinase-signal transducer of activation (JAK-STAT) pathway is crucial for cell communication, mediating diverse cellular functions. Understanding this pathway in the intestine has led to new clinical therapeutics.

Keywords:
Crohn's diseaseGraft-versus-host diseaseInflammatory bowel diseaseIntestineJAK-STAT signalingUlcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The Janus kinase-signal transducer of activation (JAK-STAT) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade.
  • Initially discovered through interferon gene induction, it is now known to be activated by a wide array of cytokines, interferons, and growth factors.
  • This pathway serves as a key mechanism for transmitting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of the JAK-STAT pathway in cellular communication.
  • To underscore its role in mediating the functions of various soluble factors like cytokines and hormones.
  • To emphasize the translational impact of JAK-STAT research in the intestine, from basic science to clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating interferon gene induction as the initial discovery method.
  • Studying the role of cytokines, interferons, and growth factors in pathway activation.
  • Analyzing membrane-to-nucleus signaling mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The JAK-STAT pathway is a fundamental mechanism for intercellular communication.
  • It explains how soluble factors mediate diverse cellular functions.
  • Understanding this pathway has facilitated the development of targeted therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • The JAK-STAT pathway is a central signaling mechanism with broad biological relevance.
  • Its study in the intestine exemplifies successful bench-to-bedside research.
  • Clinical implementation of JAK-STAT pathway-specific therapeutics demonstrates its therapeutic potential.