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Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...

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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

Mediastinal Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

Sergio Pina-Oviedo¹

¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.

Advances in Anatomic Pathology

|June 2, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mediastinal lymphoproliferative disorders are common malignancies. This review details characteristic entities, aiding pathologists in diagnosis through morphology and immunohistochemistry.

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Area of Science:

Hematopathology
Oncology
Thoracic Medicine

Background:

Lymphoproliferative disorders constitute 50-60% of mediastinal malignancies.
Primary mediastinal involvement is rare (5%), while secondary involvement is more common (10-25%).
Primary mediastinal disease involves mediastinal lymph nodes, thymus, or extranodal organs without systemic disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To present clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features of characteristic mediastinal lymphoproliferative disorders.
To emphasize the diagnostic importance of morphology and immunohistochemistry in hematopathology.
To familiarize pathologists with mediastinal lymphoproliferative entities and their presentations.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features.
Discussion of specific entities including Hodgkin lymphoma and various non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Inclusion of Castleman disease due to its common mediastinal involvement.

Main Results:

Detailed presentation of characteristic mediastinal lymphoproliferative disorders.
Emphasis on the diagnostic utility of morphologic assessment and immunohistochemical markers.
Highlighting the importance of clinicoradiologic presentation in diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoproliferative disorders relies on a combination of morphologic evaluation and appropriate immunohistochemical marker selection.
Familiarity with diverse mediastinal lymphoproliferative entities and their specific presentations is crucial for general pathologists.
Despite advances, a systematic approach remains essential for effective diagnosis and patient management.