Common pediatric infestations: update on diagnosis and treatment of scabies, head lice, and bed bugs

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Common skin infestations pose a significant challenge in pediatric care.
• Understanding current epidemiological trends is crucial for effective management.
• Advances in diagnostics and therapeutics necessitate updated clinical guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide pediatric providers with current data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of common pediatric skin infestations.
• To review recent advancements in managing scabies and head lice in children and adolescents.
• To highlight emerging treatment options and diagnostic techniques.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on pediatric skin infestations.
• Analysis of diagnostic methods including superficial skin biopsy for scabies and vacuum aspiration for head lice.
• Evaluation of current and emerging treatment options for scabies and head lice.

Main Results:

• Superficial skin biopsy and vacuum methods enhance diagnostic accuracy for scabies and head lice.
• Increasing resistance to traditional treatments necessitates exploring alternatives like oral moxidectin and topical abametapir.
• Established treatments like permethrin and oral ivermectin are safe for infants and young children, with proper application being critical.

Conclusions:

• Updated diagnostic and treatment strategies are essential for managing pediatric scabies and head lice.
• Emerging therapies offer promising alternatives due to increasing resistance to older treatments.
• Safe and effective management relies on accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and proper application techniques.