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Toward Mechanochromic Soft Material-Based Visual Feedback for Electronics-Free Surgical Effectors.

Goffredo Giordano1,2,3, Mariacristina Gagliardi4, Yu Huan2,3

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Summary

This study introduces a novel mechanochromic pressure sensor for surgical graspers, offering visual feedback to prevent tissue damage without electronics. The sensor utilizes a color-changing polymer, enhancing surgical safety and tool functionality.

Keywords:
biomedicalmechanochromic graspermechanochromismminimally invasive surgeryspiropyransurgical graspervisual feedback

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Surgical Technology

Background:

  • Minimally invasive surgery requires precise tissue manipulation.
  • Current surgical tools lack integrated, real-time pressure feedback mechanisms.
  • Robotic surgical systems, like the da Vinci system, can benefit from enhanced sensory capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and integrate a chromogenically reversible, mechanochromic pressure sensor into a surgical grasper.
  • To provide operators with visual feedback of applied pressure to prevent tissue damage.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using mechanochromic materials in unpowered surgical instruments.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a spiropyran (SP)-doped polymer into a soft-material surgical grasper effector.
  • Tuning mechanochromic activation pressure and color recovery time via SP concentration and material ratios.
  • Testing sensor performance at room and body temperatures under specific illumination conditions.

Main Results:

  • The sensorized grasper demonstrated reversible color change upon reaching a specific pressure threshold (e.g., 1.17 MPa at 2% SP concentration).
  • Color recovery time was reduced at body temperature (37 °C) compared to room temperature (25 °C), with a recovery time of 150 s at 25 °C.
  • The system provided visual feedback without requiring additional electronics, simplifying tool design.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanochromic materials can be effectively utilized for pressure sensing in surgical instruments.
  • This technology offers a low-complexity, electronic-free solution for visual feedback in robotic surgery.
  • The proposed sensing strategy has potential for broader application in various surgical tools and scopes.