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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Manufacture and Drug Delivery Applications of Silk Nanoparticles
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Recent Developments in Nanomaterial-Based Shear-Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems.

Yi Wang1, Avani V Pisapati2, X Frank Zhang2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shear-responsive nanomaterial drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer targeted therapeutic benefits by releasing payloads in response to blood flow. Innovations in material design enhance drug loading, circulation, and sensitivity for improved treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
advanced nanomaterialsdeformable nanoparticlesdrug delivery systemsnanoparticle aggregatesshear-sensitive

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) enhance therapeutic efficacy.
  • Shear stress significantly modulates payload release from DDSs.
  • Understanding of physiological flow and pathological alterations is crucial for DDS design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent innovations in shear-responsive nanomaterial DDSs.
  • To analyze material design, shear response mechanisms, and influencing factors.
  • To inspect drug development stages, therapeutic effects, limitations, and potential.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of shear-deformable nanoparticles (NPs) and shear-dissociated NP aggregates (NPAs).
  • Discussion of material structure influence on drug loading, circulation time, and shear sensitivity.
  • Inspection of therapeutic applications and limitations of reviewed DDSs.

Main Results:

  • Two primary types of shear-controlled carriers (deformable NPs and dissociable NPAs) exhibit distinct release mechanisms.
  • Material design significantly impacts DDS properties like drug loading, circulation longevity, and responsiveness to shear stress.
  • Shear-sensitive DDSs demonstrate significant advantages for targeted drug delivery applications.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterial-based shear-sensitive DDSs hold considerable promise for targeted drug delivery.
  • Rational design of shear-responsive DDSs could lead to novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • These systems offer potential for signaling and correcting pathological flow conditions in vivo.