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Haematuria in children
Alice Mears1, Josie Colemeadow1, Navroop S Johal1
1Department of Paediatric Urology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
Summary
Pediatric hematuria, or blood in urine, is common and rarely signals cancer. Common causes include infections, glomerulonephritis, and hypercalciuria, guiding diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
Background:
- Hematuria (blood in urine) is a frequent clinical finding in children.
- Unlike in adults, malignant pathologies are an infrequent cause of hematuria in pediatric patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse causes of hematuria in the pediatric population.
- To differentiate between upper and lower urinary tract pathologies to guide investigations.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article.
- Discussion of differential diagnoses for pediatric hematuria.
Main Results:
- The most common causes of pediatric hematuria include infections, glomerulonephritis, and hypercalciuria.
- Distinguishing between nephrological/upper urinary tract and lower urinary tract sources is crucial.
Conclusions:
- Hematuria in children has a broad differential diagnosis, with infection, glomerulonephritis, and hypercalciuria being most prevalent.
- Understanding the origin of hematuria (upper vs. lower tract) is key for appropriate management in pediatric cases.
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