Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: prevalence and outcomes in a tertiary care hospital

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) has recently emerged as a global health issue especially in pregnant women because of its adverse outcomes. Various studies have shown the impact of BV on both mother and baby as well as overall reproductive health of women. The study intended to assess the prevalence of BV in pregnant women visiting our hospital and estimate the risk of associated complications. A retrospective study was done on pregnant women who underwent vaginal swab for BV during the period January 2018- July 2019. BV was diagnosed by Nugent score and obstetric details until delivery were noted for pregnancy outcomes. Out of 217 women included in the study, 44 were diagnosed as positive for BV. Variables were compared between BV positive and negative groups by Chi square and t- test and risk ratios calculated for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 version. Prevalence of BV was found to be 20.3%. BV was significantly associated with preterm labour, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, miscarriage, birth asphyxia, low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. The study substantiated the evidence from previous studies that pregnant women with BV are at much higher risk for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Early Screening and awareness amongst women may help to prevent this.