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Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

9.5K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
9.5K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

5.0K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
5.0K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

16.8K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
16.8K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

14.0K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
14.0K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

16.2K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
16.2K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

8.4K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Sensitive Measurement of Mitophagy by Flow Cytometry Using the pH-dependent Fluorescent Reporter mt-Keima
09:13

Sensitive Measurement of Mitophagy by Flow Cytometry Using the pH-dependent Fluorescent Reporter mt-Keima

Published on: August 12, 2018

15.2K

Mitochondrial quality control: Just walk away.

Douglas R Green1

  • 1St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Cell Metabolism
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cellular quality control is vital for tissue health. A new study reveals damaged mitochondria are expelled from migrating cells at the plasma membrane.

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Mitochondrial dynamics
  • Cellular homeostasis

Background:

  • Mitochondrial quality control is crucial for cellular and tissue health.
  • Dysfunctional mitochondria can lead to various diseases.
  • Mechanisms for removing damaged mitochondria are essential for maintaining cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate a novel mechanism for the removal of damaged mitochondria.
  • To investigate the role of cell migration in mitochondrial quality control.
  • To understand how cells maintain mitochondrial health during movement.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell imaging of migrating cells.
  • Mitochondrial staining and tracking.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial distribution during cell migration.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome
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Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome

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Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools
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Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Sensitive Measurement of Mitophagy by Flow Cytometry Using the pH-dependent Fluorescent Reporter mt-Keima
09:13

Sensitive Measurement of Mitophagy by Flow Cytometry Using the pH-dependent Fluorescent Reporter mt-Keima

Published on: August 12, 2018

15.2K
Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome
07:56

Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome

Published on: November 30, 2022

5.3K
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools
05:27

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

Published on: July 20, 2022

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Main Results:

  • Damaged mitochondria were observed to accumulate at the plasma membrane of migrating cells.
  • A process of "packaging" and expulsion of damaged mitochondria was identified.
  • This expulsion occurred at the trailing edge of migrating cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cells employ a novel strategy to remove damaged mitochondria during migration.
  • Mitochondrial quality control is spatially regulated during cell movement.
  • This mechanism contributes to maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis.