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Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis: a comprehensive review.

Sejal Lahoti1, Menachem Weiss1, Daniel A Johnson1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

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Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) involves chronic inflammation affecting the eye

Keywords:
ConjunctivaDry eye diseaseSLK-like conditionSuperior limbic keratoconjunctivitisThyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Diseases
  • Inflammatory Eye Conditions

Background:

  • Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the superior ocular surface.
  • Characterized by limbal inflammation, conjunctival changes, and potential corneal involvement.
  • Often presents with symptoms like ocular irritation and photophobia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK).
  • To cover epidemiology, clinical manifestations, associated conditions, histopathology, pathogenesis, and treatment options for SLK.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of existing studies on SLK.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical presentations, and etiological factors.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of SLK pathogenesis and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • SLK exhibits characteristic signs including limbal staining, epithelial thickening, and filaments.
  • Associated conditions like thyroid disease are frequently observed.
  • Pathogenesis is multifactorial, possibly involving mechanical injury, tear instability, or autoimmune processes.

Conclusions:

  • SLK management ranges from conservative medical treatments to surgical interventions for refractory cases.
  • Understanding the diverse clinical spectrum and potential etiologies is crucial for effective patient care.
  • Further research into SLK pathogenesis may reveal novel therapeutic targets.