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Extracellular Vesicles and Citrullinated Histone H3 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

Ludwig Traby1, Marietta Kollars1, Manuel Kussmann1

  • 1Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Thrombosis and Haemostasis
|June 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and citrullinated histone H3 are elevated in COVID-19 patients, indicating their role in disease pathophysiology. These markers, particularly citrullinated histone H3, may help differentiate disease severity.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Pulmonary thrombus formation is a key feature of COVID-19, linked to immune dysregulation and thromboinflammation.
  • The precise pathomechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated thromboinflammation remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and citrullinated histone H3 in COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • To determine if these markers correlate with disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 41 adult COVID-19 patients and 37 healthy controls.
  • Quantified plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) numbers and surface markers using flow cytometry.
  • Measured citrullinated histone H3 levels via immunoassay.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly higher numbers of EVs, including those derived from platelets, endothelial cells, and leukocytes, compared to controls.
  • Elevated levels of citrullinated histone H3 were observed in COVID-19 patients.
  • Citrullinated histone H3 levels were significantly lower in nonsevere COVID-19 cases compared to severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and citrullinated histone H3 are associated with COVID-19.
  • These markers may offer insights into the disease's pathophysiology and severity.
Abstract

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