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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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Conservatives' susceptibility to political misperceptions.

R Kelly Garrett1, Robert M Bond2

  • 1School of Communication, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. garrett.258@osu.edu.

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US conservatives show lower sensitivity to misinformation than liberals, performing worse at distinguishing truths from falsehoods. This gap is partly due to right-leaning falsehoods being more prevalent online.

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Area of Science:

  • Political Science
  • Communication Studies
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Widespread belief suggests US conservatives uniquely hold misperceptions.
  • Previous research focused on narrow claims, not the full political information environment.
  • Factors driving performance gaps in political knowledge remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess if US conservatives are uniquely prone to misperceptions.
  • To investigate factors contributing to political knowledge performance gaps.
  • To analyze the relationship between social media engagement and political knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Generated a unique longitudinal dataset combining social media engagement and a 12-wave panel study.
  • Tracked Americans' political knowledge on high-profile news over six months.
  • Assessed sensitivity in distinguishing truths from falsehoods across political ideologies.

Main Results:

  • Conservatives demonstrated lower sensitivity than liberals in distinguishing truths and falsehoods.
  • Prevalence of right-leaning falsehoods and liberal-favoring truths partially explains this performance gap.
  • Liberals showed greater sensitivity improvement with increased partisan news exposure compared to conservatives.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms conservatives exhibit lower sensitivity to misinformation.
  • Misinformation prevalence and partisan news exposure dynamics contribute to ideological differences in political knowledge.
  • Reducing the supply of right-leaning misinformation is crucial for mitigating these disparities.