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Polyphenolic-Rich Compounds From Dillenia pentagyna (Roxb.) Attenuates the Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A

Kalyani Tene1, M Kalyan Kumar2, G Basveshwar2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Guwahati, Assam, India.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|June 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Dillenia pentagyna (DP) extract protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and improving cardiac function. This natural compound shows promise in mitigating chemotherapy side effects for cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Cardiovascular complications are a major concern in patients undergoing chemotherapy, necessitating strategies to mitigate drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • Doxorubicin (Dox), a widely used anticancer agent, is known to cause significant cardiotoxicity, limiting its long-term use.
  • Ethnomedicinal plants like Dillenia pentagyna (DP) are explored for their potential therapeutic benefits, including organ protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cardioprotective effects of Dillenia pentagyna (DP) bark extracts and fractions against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • To evaluate the antioxidant potential of DP extracts and fractions using in vitro chemical assays.
  • To assess the efficacy of DP in improving cardiac function and reducing oxidative stress in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • DP bark extracts and fractions were prepared and their antioxidant content was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays.
  • In vitro studies involved evaluating cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to Dox and DP pre-treatment.
  • In vivo studies utilized a Dox-induced cardiotoxicity model in balb/c mice, assessing cardiac function via ultrasonography and ECG, and analyzing cardiac tissue for cytoprotective proteins.

Main Results:

  • The hydroalcoholic (HA) extract and phenolic-rich fraction (F1) of DP exhibited significant antioxidant potential.
  • DP pre-treatment increased cardiomyocyte viability and reduced ROS levels in vitro.
  • In vivo, DP pre-treatment improved cardiac function (ejection fraction, stroke volume), normalized ECG, and elevated cardioprotective proteins (HO-1, SOD-2, Nrf-2) in Dox-treated mice.

Conclusions:

  • Bioactive extracts and fractions of Dillenia pentagyna (DP) effectively alleviate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • The cardioprotective effects are attributed to the antioxidant properties of DP, likely mediated by polyphenolic compounds such as gallic acid, syringic acid, and sinapic acid.
  • DP demonstrates potential as a complementary therapy to mitigate chemotherapy-induced cardiac damage.
Keywords:
cardioprotectiondillenia pentagyna roxbdoxorubicinoxidative stressultrasonography

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