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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer
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[Heredity and cancer].

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic consultations are crucial for individuals with a personal or family history of cancer. Oncogenetic testing identifies hereditary cancer predispositions, enabling personalized prevention and surveillance strategies for high-risk patients.

Keywords:
Genetic predispositionGenetic testingMutation – OncogeneticsGenetic counselling

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Personal or family cancer history is a leading reason for genetic consultations.
  • Numerous genes linked to hereditary cancer predisposition have been identified.
  • Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome are common, but rarer familial cancer risks also exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the practice of oncogenetic consultations for hereditary cancer risk.
  • To highlight the importance of genetic testing and multidisciplinary care for high-risk individuals.
  • To emphasize the consideration of pediatric cancers, multiple cancers, and psychological, ethical, and legal aspects.

Main Methods:

  • Performing over 1,400 oncogenetic consultations annually.
  • Conducting genetic testing for hereditary cancer predisposition.
  • Providing multidisciplinary care and surveillance for high-risk patients.

Main Results:

  • A genetic testing positivity rate exceeding 10% in oncogenetic consultations.
  • Identification of patients with hereditary cancer predispositions.
  • Implementation of prevention and surveillance programs.

Conclusions:

  • Oncogenetic consultations are vital for managing hereditary cancer risk.
  • Genetic testing and multidisciplinary care improve outcomes for high-risk individuals.
  • Comprehensive care includes psychological, ethical, and legal considerations for patients and families.