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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

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Age-related changes in upper limb coordination in a complex reaching task.

Sajida Khanafer1, Heidi Sveistrup2, Mindy F Levin3

  • 1School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.

Experimental Brain Research
|June 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults can coordinate upper limb (UL) movements with trunk motion, but their performance is less consistent than younger adults. This study investigated age-related differences in UL-trunk coordination during reaching tasks.

Keywords:
Arm-trunk coordinationMotor equivalenceOlder adultsTrunk-assisted reachingVariable performance

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Reaching tasks require coordinated upper limb (UL) and trunk movements.
  • Aging can impair multi-joint UL movement coordination.
  • It is unclear if older adults can adapt UL coordination when trunk motion is manipulated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in modifying upper limb (UL) joint coordination (shoulder and elbow) during a reaching task with manipulated trunk motion.
  • To determine if older adults exhibit difficulties in adapting UL movements to changing trunk dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy young (N=18) and older (N=18) adults performed a reaching task with eyes closed and simultaneous forward trunk motion.
  • Trunk motion was unexpectedly blocked in 40% of trials.
  • Participants used dominant/non-dominant arms at preferred/fast speeds.

Main Results:

  • All participants coordinated elbow and shoulder joints similarly, adapting to trunk motion (free-trunk: increased elbow flexion; blocked-trunk: increased shoulder adduction).
  • While coordination patterns were similar, the magnitude of joint adjustments was smaller and less consistent in older adults, particularly with trunk motion.
  • Older adults demonstrated the ability to modify UL coordination based on trunk movement, but with reduced consistency compared to young adults.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults can coordinate upper limb (UL) joints with trunk motion during reaching tasks.
  • Age-related differences exist in the consistency and magnitude of UL-trunk coordination adjustments.
  • Findings suggest that while the capacity for adaptation remains, motor control becomes less precise with advanced age.