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Infectious ophthalmoplegias

Rajeev Ranjan1, Deependra Singh1, Karthik Vinay Mahesh1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|June 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Infections frequently cause ocular motor palsies, but literature on infectious ophthalmoplegias is scarce. This review outlines a stepwise approach to diagnose infectious causes of ophthalmoplegia, covering bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Ocular motor palsies are often caused by infections.
  • There is a lack of comprehensive literature on infectious ophthalmoplegias.
  • Various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, can cause these palsies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic approach for infectious ophthalmoplegias.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying infectious etiologies in ocular motor palsies.
  • To consolidate information on various infectious agents causing ophthalmoplegia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on infectious causes of ophthalmoplegia.
  • Discussion of a stepwise diagnostic strategy.
  • Categorization of infectious agents responsible for ophthalmoplegia.

Main Results:

  • Infections are a significant cause of ocular motor palsies.
  • A systematic diagnostic approach can identify the causative infectious agent in most cases.
  • All major classes of infectious agents can manifest as ophthalmoplegia.

Conclusions:

  • Infectious ophthalmoplegias are under-reported but clinically significant.
  • A structured diagnostic pathway is essential for managing patients with ophthalmoplegia.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infectious etiologies are crucial for patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Cryptococcal meningitisInfectious ophthalmoplegiasListeriaNeurocysticercosisTuberculous meningitis

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