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Metacognitive knowledge and experience across multiple cognitive domains in euthymic bipolar disorder
Ivan J Torres1,2, Ceren Hidiroglu3, Sylvia A Mackala1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Summary
Individuals with bipolar disorder show metacognitive inaccuracies, underestimating cognitive abilities in specific domains. These metacognitive deficits are linked to quality of life, highlighting clinical relevance for understanding cognitive self-appraisals.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Psychiatry
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Metacognition, encompassing metacognitive knowledge (MK) and metacognitive experience (ME), is crucial for daily functioning but understudied in bipolar disorder.
- Bipolar disorder is associated with cognitive impairments, yet the specific metacognitive deficits remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate metacognitive knowledge and experience across cognitive domains in individuals with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls.
- To investigate the relationship between metacognition and quality of life (QoL) in bipolar disorder.
Main Methods:
- Fifty-seven euthymic participants with bipolar disorder and 55 healthy volunteers rated their cognitive task performance.
- Metacognitive accuracy indices (MK and ME) were calculated by comparing self-ratings to objective performance.
- Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder Scale (QoL.BD) was used to assess QoL.
Main Results:
- Participants with bipolar disorder exhibited metacognitive inaccuracies in both MK and ME, particularly in specific cognitive domains.
- The majority of metacognitive errors involved underestimation of cognitive abilities.
- Metacognitive indices showed minimal association with medication or mood symptoms but were related to QoL.
Conclusions:
- Individuals with bipolar disorder demonstrate inaccuracies in self-appraising cognitive functioning and performance.
- Underestimation of cognitive abilities may indicate a negative information processing bias in bipolar disorder.
- Metacognitive variables predict QoL, underscoring the clinical importance of understanding cognitive self-appraisals in this population.
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