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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Rodent Model of Masseter Volumetric Muscle Loss for Studying Bioengineering Materials
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Thread Lifting of the Jawline: A Pilot Study for Quantitative Evaluation.

Alberto Diaspro1, Massimo Luni2, Gabriele Rossini3

  • 1Maxillofacial Surgeon at Rigeneralab Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Turin, Italy.

Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery
|June 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This pilot study shows that using poly-lactic/poly-caprolactone threads for facial tissue suspension is safe and effective for mild to moderate jawline ptosis, improving sagging for up to 8 months.

Keywords:
Jawlinequantitative evaluationthreads

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Area of Science:

  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Facial aging involves changes in skin and fat layers.
  • Subdermal thread suspension offers a minimally invasive method for lifting sagging tissues.
  • This technique avoids surgical dissection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of subdermal thread suspension for facial rejuvenation.
  • To objectively assess soft tissue suspension using standardized photographic analysis.
  • To determine the safety and efficacy of poly-lactic/poly-caprolactone threads.

Main Methods:

  • An observational pilot study involving eight participants with mild to moderate jawline ptosis.
  • Standardized 3D photographic analysis was used for evaluation.
  • Measurements of specific facial distances were taken before, immediately after, and at follow-up visits.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvement was observed in the tragus-to-marionette and tragus-to-jowl distances.
  • All measured parameters showed statistically significant improvement (P < 0.05).
  • Improvements were sustained up to a mean follow-up of 8.16 months.

Conclusions:

  • Poly-lactic/poly-caprolactone thread suspension is a safe and effective treatment for mild to moderate jawline ptosis.
  • The technique provides reliable and objective improvements in facial sagging.
  • The benefits of this minimally invasive procedure are evident for up to 8 months.