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Histo-blood group A is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
Pedro M M Garibaldi1, Luciana C Oliveira1, Benedito A da Fonseca2
1Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Objectives:
Evaluate the impact of ABO histo-blood group type on COVID-19 severity.
Background:
ABO histo-blood type has been associated with different outcomes in infectious diseases. It has also shown a higher proportion of type A patients with SARS-CoV-2. In this observational study, extracted from an ongoing clinical trial on the efficacy of convalescent plasma transfused in COVID-19 patients, we describe the impact of ABO blood type on the risk of developing severe COVID-19.
Materials And Methods:
Seventy-two consecutive patients (37 type A, 23 type O, 11 type B, 1 type AB) with severe (respiratory failure) COVID-19 were included. Control group was composed of 160 individuals randomly selected from the same populational basis.
Results:
Blood group A was overrepresented (51.39%) in the patient group in relation to the control group (30%), whereas blood group O was less represented (31.94%) in patient than in control group (48%). Odds ratio (A vs. O) was 2.581 (1.381-4.817), CI 95%; p = 0.004. Also, blood group A patients appeared to have more severe disease, given by the scores of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Simplified Acute Physiologic Score 3 (p = 0.036 and p = 0.058, respectively).
Conclusion:
Histo-blood type A is associated with a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 in relation to blood type O.
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