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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

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Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
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Sharpless Epoxidation02:57

Sharpless Epoxidation

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The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The use of a chiral catalyst enables the formation of one enantiomer of the product in excess. This chiral catalyst is mainly a chiral complex of titanium tetraisopropoxide and tartrate ester (specific stereoisomer). The stereoisomer used in the chiral catalyst dictates the formation of the enantiomer of the product. In other words, the use of...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

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Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
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Precisely Engineered Supported Gold Clusters as a Stable Catalyst for Propylene Epoxidation.

Nidhi Kapil1, Tobias Weissenberger1, Fabio Cardinale1

  • 1Centre for Nature Inspired Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a stable gold catalyst on a zeolitic support for propylene epoxidation. Ligand-stabilized gold clusters enhance catalyst lifetime and efficiency in this crucial chemical reaction.

Keywords:
catalyst stabilityepoxidationgoldheterogeneous catalysispropylene

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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Nanomaterials science
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Direct gas-phase epoxidation of propylene is vital for producing propylene oxide.
  • Developing stable and selective catalysts with high hydrogen utilization remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a stable Au/TS-1 catalyst using ligand-stabilized sub-nanometre gold clusters.
  • To improve catalytic performance for direct gas-phase epoxidation of propylene.

Main Methods:

  • One-pot synthesis of ligand-stabilized gold clusters on TS-1 support.
  • Non-thermal O2 plasma for ligand removal.
  • Characterization using XPS, 31P MAS NMR, DR-UV/VIS, HRTEM, and TGA.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized Au/TS-1 catalyst showed a 10x longer lifetime (>20 days) compared to untreated catalysts.
  • Achieved improved propylene oxide selectivity and hydrogen efficiency.
  • Demonstrated a structure-stability relationship, highlighting the role of ligands in stabilizing gold particle size.

Conclusions:

  • Ligand stabilization is crucial for maintaining gold particle size and enhancing catalyst stability.
  • This strategy offers a promising approach for designing robust heterogeneous catalysts for gas-phase epoxidation.