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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
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Chromatin dynamics and DNA replication roadblocks.

Ian Hammond-Martel1, Alain Verreault2, Hugo Wurtele3

  • 1Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montreal, H1T 2M4, Canada.

DNA Repair
|June 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA damage response involves dynamic chromatin changes during replication. Histone recycling and de novo assembly ensure DNA replication fork progression and influence DNA repair pathways.

Keywords:
DNA repairDNA replicationDe novo chromatin assemblyHistone chaperonesHistone modifications

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA lesions stall replication forks, triggering DNA damage responses.
  • Dynamic chromatin structure changes are crucial for replication completion during S-phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe parental histone segregation and de novo chromatin assembly.
  • To illustrate how these chromatin processes impact cellular responses to replication roadblocks.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on chromatin dynamics during DNA replication and repair.
  • Focuses on the mechanisms of histone recycling and de novo chromatin assembly.

Main Results:

  • Parental histone segregation involves transferring existing histones to nascent DNA.
  • De novo chromatin assembly involves depositing new histones onto nascent DNA.
  • Both processes occur genome-wide at all replication forks.

Conclusions:

  • Parental histone segregation and de novo chromatin assembly are fundamental to replication fork progression.
  • These chromatin dynamics significantly influence DNA repair and damage tolerance mechanisms.
  • Understanding these processes is key to comprehending cellular responses to DNA replication stress.