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Related Concept Videos

Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics
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Epigenetics in plant organismic interactions.

Daniela Ramos-Cruz1, A Niloya Troyee2, Claude Becker3

  • 1Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|June 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Plants use epigenetic mechanisms for molecular regulation during interactions with other organisms. These epigenetic processes are crucial for beneficial relationships and defense against pests and pathogens.

Keywords:
Biotic stressDNA methylationEpigeneticsHistone acetylationHistone methylationPlant immunityPlant pathogenPriming

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Plants interact with a diverse range of organisms, including microbes, insects, and other plants.
  • These interactions can be beneficial, competitive, or pathogenic.
  • Plants possess a canonical immune system for defense, but epigenetic mechanisms also play a regulatory role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding epigenetic contributions to plant-organism interactions.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic components and diversity in mediating these interactions.
  • To explore how pathogens may target epigenetic mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on plant epigenetics and organismic interactions.
  • Analysis of the role of epigenetic diversity in plant-organismal relationships.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are integral to regulating molecular processes in plant interactions.
  • Epigenetic diversity influences the establishment and maintenance of beneficial interactions.
  • Pathogens can exploit plant epigenetic machinery to overcome host defenses.
  • Epigenetic components are emerging as key regulators in plant-organismal interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation is a critical layer of control in plant interactions beyond the canonical immune system.
  • Understanding epigenetic diversity offers new insights into plant adaptation and defense.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms presents a novel avenue for manipulating plant-organism interactions.