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Related Concept Videos

Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

217
Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
217
Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

218
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
218
Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

3.2K
Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
3.2K
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

473
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
473
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

421
The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
421
Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete01:26

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

262
The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...
262

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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
07:42

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

Published on: November 21, 2017

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CEMENT BURNS.

Aaron J Lacy1, Clifford L Freeman1, McKenna K Sexton1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|June 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wet cement causes alkali burns, a serious chemical burn often underestimated in emergency departments. Prompt recognition and decontamination are crucial for preventing severe outcomes in patients with cement burns.

Keywords:
burncement burnchemical burntoxicology

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Burn Surgery

Background:

  • Thermal burns are common in emergency departments, but chemical burns require different treatment.
  • Alkali burns from wet cement are an underrecognized and underestimated hazard.
  • Prompt identification of chemical burns, including those from cement, is essential.

Observation:

  • A 7-year-old boy sustained alkali burns from wet cement exposure.
  • Initial decontamination with polyethylene glycol was performed, followed by further irrigation.
  • Burn surgery consultation was obtained for evaluation.

Findings:

  • The patient required no further surgical intervention after thorough decontamination.
  • The child was discharged home and made a full recovery.

Implications:

  • Unrecognized cement burns can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Emergency physicians must be aware of and promptly treat cement burns.
  • Early evaluation by a burn surgeon is critical for optimal patient outcomes.