Plasmacytoma and plasma cell myeloma affecting the jaws: A multi-institutional collaborative study

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology
• Oral Medicine

Background:

• Plasma cell neoplasms involve monoclonal plasma cell proliferation, presenting as solitary plasmacytomas or multiple myeloma.
• These neoplasms can manifest as localized lesions or widespread disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the clinical, radiographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of plasma cell neoplasms in the jaws.
• To evaluate treatment outcomes and survival rates for these neoplasms.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of 52 paraffin-embedded jaw plasma cell neoplasm cases from pathology files.
• Data collection included clinical, radiographic, microscopic, immunohistochemical findings, treatment, and follow-up status.

Main Results:

• The mandible was the most common site (67.3%), often presenting with pain/paresthesia (53.8%).
• Radiographically, lesions appeared as poorly defined osteolytic lesions; microscopically, they showed diffuse neoplastic plasma cell proliferation.
• Overall 5-year survival was 26.6%, indicating an aggressive tumor behavior.

Conclusions:

• Plasma cell neoplasms are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis.
• Jaw involvement can be the initial presentation, necessitating awareness among oral health professionals.
• Early recognition of clinical, radiographic, and microscopic signs is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.