Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.

Phylogeny

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Splenic Vein Tumor Thrombosis in a Patient With an Oligometastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cureus·2026

Same author

Challenges of AI-generated stigmatizing language regarding substance use disorders.

Journal of addictive diseases·2026

Same author

Counting Spinal Phylogenetic Networks.

Bulletin of mathematical biology·2026

Same author

Investigating optimal warming techniques for hypothermia in a swine model of ischemia.

American journal of surgery·2026

Same author

Displacement-Optimized Tanglegrams for Trees and Networks.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026

Same author

Counting Rankings of Tree-Child Networks.

Bulletin of mathematical biology·2026

Same journal

Phylogenomics, introgression, and demographic history of extant flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae).

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026

Same journal

The biogeographic and evolutionary history of Leiosauridae lizards reveal the influence of complex environmental and geological past dynamics in the Neotropical biomes.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026

Same journal

Rapid ecological speciation in gall inducers.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026

Same journal

Integrative systematics reveal the deep evolutionary origin and familial placements of the wirrahs (Teleostei: Acanthistiidae: Acanthistius) and the toadstool grouper (Teleostei: Trachypomatidae fam. nov.: Trachypoma).

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026

Same journal

Geographic distance and climate-mediated landscape resistance explain the genetic differentiation of Rhopalus sapporensis across China.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026

Same journal

Integrative taxonomic revision of Uropsilus (Uropsilinae, Talpidae) combining genomic, morphological and geographic evidence.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

Normalising phylogenetic networks.

Andrew Francis¹, Daniel H Huson², Mike Steel³

¹Centre for Research in Mathematics and Data Science, Western Sydney University, Australia.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

|June 5, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Phylogenetic networks model complex species evolution. This study introduces a method to simplify tangled networks into a canonical form, revealing key evolutionary signals more clearly.

Keywords:

Hierarchy Normal network Phylogenetic network Tree Visible vertex

More Related Videos

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks

Published on: September 25, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks

Published on: September 25, 2021

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Phylogenetics
Computational biology

Background:

Phylogenetic networks model evolutionary histories beyond simple tree structures.
Genomic data often results in complex, tangled phylogenetic networks.
Discerning evolutionary signals in complex networks is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for simplifying rooted phylogenetic networks.
To transform complex networks into a canonical form with desirable properties.
To base the simplification on observable vertices within the network.

Main Methods:

Describing a natural transformation method for rooted phylogenetic networks.
Developing a canonical representation of phylogenetic networks.
Implementing the transformation algorithm.

Main Results:

A method to transform any rooted phylogenetic network into a simpler canonical network.
The canonical network is based on the visible vertices of the original network.
Demonstration of the method's application with examples.

Conclusions:

The developed method simplifies complex phylogenetic networks effectively.
The canonical form aids in understanding reticulation signals in evolutionary history.
The approach offers mathematical and computational advantages for phylogenetic analysis.