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Deterministic processes drive microbial community changes during organic waste composting, influenced by organic matter and temperature. This understanding aids in predicting and optimizing microbial composting for environmental benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Microbial communities are crucial for organic waste composting, yet the ecological processes governing their assembly and the factors involved are not fully understood.
  • Specific microbial taxa and their metabolic functions are known to be involved in composting, but the dynamics of community assembly require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ecological assembly processes and governing factors of bacterial communities during chicken manure composting.
  • To quantify the influence of environmental factors on bacterial community composition and function throughout the composting process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ecological null modeling and metabolic functional prediction.
  • Employed electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to analyze microbial communities.
  • Conducted a chicken manure composting experiment as a model system.

Main Results:

  • Deterministic assembly processes predominantly shaped bacterial community composition across and within composting stages, with stochastic processes also playing a role.
  • Changes in organic matter content, chemical properties, and temperature were identified as key factors governing bacterial community assembly.
  • Specific bacterial taxa were selected at different composting stages, influencing functions like metabolism and information processing.

Conclusions:

  • Deterministic assembly processes, driven by organic matter characteristics and temperature, are key drivers of microbial community turnover and function in composting.
  • This study provides insights into predicting microbial community dynamics and manipulating microbial consortia for efficient and environmentally friendly composting.