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Epidemiology of pediatric chronic kidney disease/kidney failure: learning from registries and cohort studies

Ryoko Harada1, Yuko Hamasaki2, Yusuke Okuda3

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|June 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) has unique aspects, with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) being a common cause. Registry studies identify key risk factors for CKD progression and mortality in children.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents unique challenges compared to adults, with less established evidence.
  • Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most frequent cause of CKD and kidney failure in children.
  • Global variations exist in the incidence and prevalence of pediatric CKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings from registry and cohort studies on pediatric CKD and kidney failure.
  • To identify factors influencing CKD progression and mortality in pediatric populations.
  • To inform clinical practice and improve care for children with CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from pediatric CKD and kidney failure registries.
  • Review of cohort studies investigating CKD progression.
  • Identification of risk factors for mortality in children undergoing kidney replacement therapy.

Main Results:

  • Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading etiology in pediatric CKD and kidney failure.
  • Hypertension and proteinuria are independent risk factors for CKD progression.
  • Risk factors for mortality in pediatric kidney failure include younger age, female sex, non-White race, non-CAKUT causes, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and high eGFR at dialysis initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Registry-based evidence has significantly advanced the understanding of pediatric CKD.
  • Identifying specific risk factors aids in targeted interventions for better patient outcomes.
  • Continued research and data analysis are crucial for improving pediatric CKD care and management.

Keywords:
ChildrenChronic kidney diseaseCohort studyEpidemiologyKidney failureRegistry

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