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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions
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[Pediatric Glioma].

Keita Terashima1, Hideki Ogiwara

  • 1Division of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development.

No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery
|June 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric gliomas are rare brain tumors with diverse types. Molecular advancements reveal genetic targets, offering hope for new BRAF/MEK-inhibitor therapies and novel agents for infant gliomas.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neuro-oncology
  • Molecular neuropathology
  • Cancer genetics

Background:

  • Pediatric gliomas encompass diverse histopathological subtypes, classified as low- or high-grade.
  • Key clinical types include cerebellar astrocytomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, and brainstem gliomas.
  • Management requires specialized neurosurgical centers and multimodal treatments like radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of pediatric gliomas, focusing on classification, treatment, and emerging molecular targets.
  • To highlight the significance of genetic aberrations in guiding therapeutic strategies for pediatric gliomas.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric glioma classification and treatment.
  • Analysis of recent advancements in molecular genetics and targeted therapies.

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  • Discussion of neurosurgical, oncological, and genetic approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Low-grade gliomas frequently exhibit RAS/MAPK pathway anomalies (e.g., BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion, BRAF V600E mutation) responsive to BRAF/MEK-inhibitors.
    • Diffuse midline gliomas, including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, often harbor H3K27M mutations, lacking targeted agents.
    • Infant gliomas are increasingly sub-categorized by genetic abnormalities, with potential for novel agents targeting ALK, ROS1, or NTRK fusions.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric gliomas require specialized care due to their rarity and complexity.
    • Molecular profiling is crucial for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
    • Targeted therapies based on genetic aberrations show promise for improving outcomes in pediatric gliomas.