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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

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Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
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Cognitivism01:17

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
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Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
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Cognition and Pain: A Review.

Tanvi Khera1, Valluvan Rangasamy1

  • 1Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

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Summary

Pain significantly impacts cognitive functions, affecting information processing and memory. Understanding the link between pain and cognitive impairment is crucial for developing better treatments and patient care strategies.

Keywords:
chronic paincognitioncognitive behavior therapymemorypain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Cognition involves acquiring, processing, storing, and retrieving information.
  • Pain is an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience requiring cognitive processing.
  • Cognitive evaluation of pain relies on learning and recalling past experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on cognitive changes associated with pain.
  • To examine the neuroanatomical, biochemical, and molecular links between pain and cognition.
  • To investigate cognitive impairment from analgesic medications.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Exploration of neural system associations.
  • Analysis of anatomical, biochemical, and molecular data.

Main Results:

  • Studies indicate a close link between neural systems for cognition and pain.
  • Evidence suggests an association between pain and cognitive impairment.
  • Analgesic medications can also cause cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to understand chronic pain pathophysiology and cognitive decline.
  • Improved understanding can lead to timely interventions for chronic pain and cognitive impairment.
  • This knowledge can enhance patient care and prevent long-term cognitive deficits.