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Updated: Nov 3, 2025
Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: July 4, 2007
Functional Recovery in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Prospective Observational Study
Thomas Seifert-Held1, Katharina Eberhard2, Christian Lechner3,4
1Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Background:
Prospective observations of functional recovery are lacking in patients with autoimmune encephalitis defined by antibodies against synaptic proteins and neuronal cell surface receptors.
Methods:
Adult patients with a diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis were included into a prospective registry. At 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up, the patients' modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was obtained.
Results:
Patients were stratified into three groups according to their antibody (Ab) status: anti-NMDAR-Ab (n=12; group I), anti-LGI1/CASPR2-Ab (n=35; group II), and other antibodies (n=24; group III). A comparably higher proportion of patients in group I received plasma exchange/immunoadsorption and second line immunosuppressive treatments at baseline. A higher proportion of patients in group II presented with seizures. Group III mainly included patients with anti-GABABR-, anti-GAD65- and anti-GlyR-Ab. At baseline, one third of them had cancer. Patients in groups I and III had much higher median mRS scores at 3 months compared to patients in group II. A median mRS of 1 was found at all follow-up time points in group II.
Conclusions:
The different dynamics in the recovery of patients with certain autoimmune encephalitides have important implications for clinical trials. The high proportion of patients with significant disability at 3 months after diagnosis in groups I and III points to the need for improving treatment options. More distinct scores rather than the mRS are necessary to differentiate potential neurological improvements in patients with anti-LGI1-/CASPR2-encephalitis.
