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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
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Characterizing Genetic Regulatory Elements in Ovine Tissues.

Kimberly M Davenport1, Alisha T Massa2, Suraj Bhattarai3

  • 1Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.

Frontiers in Genetics
|June 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Ovine FAANG project mapped sheep gene regulatory elements using histone modifications and DNA methylation. This research aids in understanding genetic variants impacting sheep health and production traits.

Keywords:
ChIP-seqFAANGWGBSepigeneticsfunctional genomicshistone modificationsmethylationsheep

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • The Ovine Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) project aims to characterize gene regulatory elements in domestic sheep.
  • Understanding these elements is crucial for identifying genetic variants affecting sheep health and production, as many lie outside transcribed regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize gene regulatory elements in ovine liver, spleen, and cerebellum tissues.
  • To correlate epigenetic marks (histone modifications, DNA methylation) with regulatory element function.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-seq) for histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K27me3) and CTCF.
  • Chromatin state characterization using ChromHMM.
  • Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) for DNA methylation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Nine chromatin states were defined across liver, spleen, and cerebellum tissues.
  • Associations between DNA methylation patterns (hyper- and hypomethylated regions) and specific chromatin states were identified.
  • Significant overlap in active promoter and enhancer states was observed between liver and spleen tissues.
  • CTCF-binding motifs were identified, with the cerebellum showing the highest number of unique motifs.

Conclusions:

  • This study successfully identified and characterized gene regulatory regions in key ovine tissues.
  • The findings provide a foundation for understanding the genetic basis of economically important traits in sheep.
  • This work establishes a precedent for regulatory element characterization in ovine genomics.