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Residual risk in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is linked to inflammation. Incorporating inflammation biomarkers into risk assessments may improve prevention strategies for cardiometabolic disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Inflammation Research
  • Atherosclerosis

Background:

  • Conventional risk factor management has reduced atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) burden, yet significant residual risk persists.
  • Low-grade inflammation is a key driver of residual risk and a hallmark of ASCVD, influencing clinical complications.
  • Inflammatory processes involve modified lipoproteins and promote a hypercoagulable state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and its clinical implications.
  • To evaluate the potential of incorporating inflammation biomarkers into risk stratification for cardiovascular disease prevention.
  • To discuss future research directions focusing on the interplay of inflammation, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis in ASCVD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on inflammation, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
  • Analysis of the potential benefits of adding inflammation biomarkers to existing risk stratification algorithms.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory burden in high-risk individuals.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation is a critical modifier of residual cardiovascular risk, independent of conventional factors.
  • Adding inflammation biomarkers to current risk stratification may enhance phenotypic screening and treatment guidance.
  • Interventions targeting inflammation, alone or combined with lipid-modifying or antithrombotic agents, show promise for reducing cardiometabolic disease burden.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) pathogenesis and clinical outcomes.
  • Integrating inflammation markers into risk assessment can refine cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.
  • Future research should focus on translating the understanding of inflammation, lipid, and thrombosis interactions into clinical practice.