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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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Covalent Bonds

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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Highly conducting Wurster-type twisted covalent organic frameworks.

Julian M Rotter¹, Roman Guntermann¹, Michael Auth²

¹Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E) 81377 Munich Germany bein@lmu.de dmepc@cup.uni-muenchen.de.

Chemical Science

|June 7, 2021

Summary

Researchers synthesized novel covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with twisted geometries, achieving high electrical conductivity up to 3.67 S m⁻¹ through oxidative doping. These materials show promise for organic optoelectronics.

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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Published on: June 18, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Chemistry
Solid-State Physics

Background:

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer tunable properties like porosity and modularity, crucial for applications.
Efficient charge transport and conductivity are essential for integrating COFs into optoelectronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel 2D COFs with redox-active, twisted building blocks for enhanced electronic properties.
To investigate the impact of doping on the electrical conductivity of these new COFs.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of two imine-linked 2D COFs (WTA and WBDT) using a twisted Wurster-type diamine node.
Characterization of COF structure, porosity, and surface area.
Electrical conductivity measurements (van der Pauw) on oriented films and pressed pellets, including studies with various dopants (F₄TCNQ, SbCl₅, I₂).

Main Results:

Obtained highly crystalline, dual-pore kagome-type COFs with large surface areas.
Achieved high conduction band energies suitable for oxidative doping.
Demonstrated high intrinsic conductivity, significantly enhanced by F₄TCNQ doping to 3.67 S m⁻¹ in oriented films.
Observed stable conductivity and comparable isotropic/anisotropic transport properties.

Conclusions:

Introduced twisted geometries as viable building blocks for electrically conducting COFs.
Achieved record conductivity in doped COFs, expanding their potential for organic electronics.
Highlighted the significance of these new COFs for advanced optoelectronic applications.