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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

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Determination of Oxidative Phosphorylation Complexes Activities.

João S Teodoro1, Ivo F Machado1, Carlos M Palmeira1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA) but rely on nuclear DNA for most components. This chapter reviews methods to assess mitochondrial protein content and function, crucial for understanding disease.

Keywords:
MitochondriaMitochondrial protein complexesPolarographyRespiratory chainSpectrophotometry

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondria contain their own genome (mtDNA) encoding essential respiratory chain proteins.
  • The majority of mitochondrial components are encoded by the nuclear genome, necessitating coordination between both.
  • Dysfunctional mitochondria and altered respiratory chain activity are implicated in numerous pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for assessing mitochondrial protein content and function.
  • To highlight the importance of studying mitochondrial proteins in disease pathogenesis.
  • To focus on techniques applicable to isolated mitochondria.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of mitochondrial protein content.
  • Evaluation of mitochondrial protein function.
  • Techniques applied to isolated mitochondria.

Main Results:

  • The abstract does not contain specific results, but outlines the scope of methods to be discussed.
  • The chapter will cover techniques relevant to mitochondrial research.
  • Focus is on understanding how mitochondrial alterations contribute to disease.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding mitochondrial protein content and function is vital for disease research.
  • Coordination between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is essential for mitochondrial health.
  • The reviewed methods aid in elucidating mitochondrial roles in pathogenesis.