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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides
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BN-PAGE-Based Approach to Study Thyroid Hormones and Mitochondrial Function.

Elena Silvestri1, Assunta Lombardi2, Federica Cioffi1

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormones like T3 and T2 impact mitochondrial function. This study details methods using Blue native PAGE (BN-PAGE) to analyze oxidative phosphorylation complexes for diagnosing metabolic conditions.

Keywords:
BN-PAGEIodothyronineMitochondrionRespiratory chainThyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial proteome studies are advancing for physiological and pathological insights.
  • Iodothyronines (T3, T2) significantly affect mitochondrial oxidative capacity and respiratory chain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe protocols for isolating mammalian liver mitochondria.
  • To detail one-dimensional Blue native PAGE (1D BN-PAGE) methods.
  • To investigate the impact of thyroid hormones on mitochondrial bioenergetics.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of mammalian liver mitochondria.
  • One-dimensional Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D BN-PAGE).
  • Analysis of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes.

Main Results:

  • BN-PAGE enables one-step isolation of enzymatically active OXPHOS complexes.
  • This technique allows monitoring of OXPHOS catalytic and structural features.
  • Thyroid hormones' influence on mitochondrial bioenergetics can be assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Established protocols facilitate the study of mitochondrial function.
  • 1D BN-PAGE is a valuable tool for diagnosing mitochondrial metabolism disorders.
  • Understanding thyroid hormone effects on mitochondria is crucial for bioenergetic research.