Stress modulation as a means to improve yeasts for lignocellulose bioconversion

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Microbial Engineering
• Industrial Microbiology

Background:

• Second-generation (2G) biorefineries utilize lignocellulose, presenting unique environmental challenges.
• Fermentative organisms encounter osmotic, heat, nutrient starvation, and inhibitor stresses in 2G environments.
• Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) adds challenges like enzyme secretion and unfolded protein response.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the stress responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 2G-specific conditions.
• To discuss strategies for modulating yeast stress tolerance for improved performance in biorefineries.
• To identify genes and alleles contributing to the robustness of 2G industrial yeast strains.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on yeast stress responses in 2G fermentation.
• Analysis of published omics data related to stress tolerance.
• Discussion of rational engineering, reverse engineering, and adaptation strategies.

Main Results:

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits complex responses to multiple, simultaneous stresses in 2G environments.
• Omics studies provide a wealth of data on stress-related genes and pathways.
• Engineering and adaptation strategies can enhance yeast robustness for biorefinery applications.

Conclusions:

• Stress tolerance is a critical factor for successful yeast application in biorefineries.
• Integrating omics data can guide the engineering of fit-for-purpose yeast strains.
• Targeted genetic improvements are essential for optimizing yeast performance in lignocellulose conversion.