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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Development of a Benchtop Model for Evaluating the Compatibility of Wound Dressing Materials with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Systems
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Foam surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers.

Chunhu Shi1, Jo C Dumville1, Nicky Cullum1

  • 1Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|June 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Foam surfaces may increase pressure ulcer incidence compared to alternating pressure air and reactive air surfaces. Alternating pressure air surfaces are likely more cost-effective for preventing pressure ulcers.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical trials
  • Wound care

Background:

  • Pressure ulcers (pressure injuries) are localized skin or soft tissue injuries caused by unrelieved pressure, shear, or friction.
  • Foam surfaces are commonly used to prevent pressure ulcers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of foam beds, mattresses, or overlays in preventing pressure ulcers compared to other support surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing foam surfaces with any other support surface.
  • Included 29 studies with 9566 participants; data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed.
  • Searches conducted in multiple databases up to November 2019 with no language or date restrictions.

Main Results:

  • Low-certainty evidence suggests foam surfaces may increase pressure ulcer incidence compared to alternating pressure air and reactive air surfaces.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding pressure ulcer incidence, patient comfort, and adverse events when comparing foam with other surfaces (fiber, gel, water).
  • Alternating pressure air surfaces are likely more cost-effective than foam surfaces in preventing pressure ulcers (moderate-certainty evidence).

Conclusions:

  • Foam surfaces may increase pressure ulcer risk compared to specific air-based surfaces.
  • Evidence is uncertain for other comparisons, highlighting the need for further research.
  • Alternating pressure air surfaces appear more cost-effective for pressure ulcer prevention.