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Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora1, Teresa Shamah-Levy2, Salvador Villalpando3

  • 1Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. vcruz@insp.mx.

Salud Publica De Mexico
|June 7, 2021
PubMed
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Zinc deficiency significantly declined in Mexican preschoolers over 19 years. Beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer program (CCT-POP) experienced the most substantial reduction in zinc deficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Pediatric Health
  • Micronutrient Deficiencies

Background:

  • Zinc deficiency (ZD) remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly in preschool-age children.
  • Conditional cash transfer programs (CCT-POP) aim to improve health and nutrition outcomes in vulnerable populations.
  • Understanding trends in ZD and the impact of social programs is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in zinc deficiency prevalence among Mexican preschool children from 1999 to 2019.
  • To investigate disparities in ZD trends between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the Progresa/Oportunidades/Prospera (CCT-POP) program.

Main Methods:

  • Serum zinc levels from national surveys (ENN 1999, Ensanut 2006, Ensanut 2018-19) were analyzed for children aged 1-4 years.

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  • Zinc deficiency was defined using IZiNCG criteria.
  • Logistic regression and interaction tests were employed to assess ZD trends and program effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Overall zinc deficiency prevalence decreased by 22.3 percentage points between 1999 and 2018-19.
    • A significantly larger reduction of 58.6 percentage points was observed among CCT-POP beneficiaries.
    • Overweight was associated with increased odds of zinc deficiency (OR=2.18).

    Conclusions:

    • Zinc deficiency has significantly declined in Mexican preschool children over the past two decades.
    • The conditional cash transfer program (CCT-POP) played a key role in accelerating this decline among its beneficiaries.
    • These findings highlight the effectiveness of targeted social programs in addressing micronutrient deficiencies.