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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

Published on: June 14, 2020

Defining T Cell Subsets in Human Tonsils Using ChipCytometry.

Joachim P Hagel¹, Kyle Bennett², Francesca Buffa³

¹Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; paul.klenerman@medawar.ox.ac.uk joachim.hagel@ndm.ox.ac.uk.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

|June 8, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

ChipCytometry enables detailed analysis of immune cells in both tissue and single-cell suspensions. This multiplex imaging method successfully identified rare T cell subsets and characterized follicular T helper cells in human tonsils.

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Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Published on: November 16, 2015

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Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

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Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Published on: November 16, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Multiplex imaging techniques are crucial for high-dimensional single-cell analysis.
ChipCytometry allows iterative staining and photobleaching for multi-marker detection on a single sample.
Understanding immune cell subsets in tissues and suspensions is vital for disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate ChipCytometry's feasibility for identifying and phenotyping immune cell subsets, including rare types.
To analyze immune cell architecture in human palatine tonsils using ChipCytometry on tissue sections.
To dissect human tonsillar T cell subsets from single-cell suspensions using ChipCytometry.

Main Methods:

Applied ChipCytometry to human palatine tonsil tissue sections for spatial analysis.
Utilized ChipCytometry on single-cell suspensions from human tonsils for detailed phenotyping.
Employed unsupervised clustering and supervised manual gating for T cell subset analysis.

Main Results:

Successfully mapped human tonsil architecture, identifying B and T cell zones and subcompartments.
Characterized intrafollicular PD1-expressing CD4+ T cells and identified rare mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and γδ-T cells in tonsil tissue.
Differentiated follicular Th cells and pre-follicular Th cells within PD1+CD4+ T cells and confirmed MAIT cell phenotype in single-cell suspensions.

Conclusions:

ChipCytometry is a viable method for analyzing single-cell suspensions, providing detailed immune cell phenotyping.
ChipCytometry allows for spatial context analysis of immune cells within tissue sections.
This technique offers a powerful approach for dissecting complex immune cell populations in both spatial and non-spatial formats.