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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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ANCA-associated vasculitis after COVID-19.

Tugba Izci Duran1, Ercan Turkmen2, Melda Dilek2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty, Korfez Mahallesi, 55270, Atakum/Samsun, Turkey. drtugbaizciduran@gmail.com.

Rheumatology International
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may trigger antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). This report details two rare cases of new-onset AAV following COVID-19, highlighting potential links and treatment approaches.

Keywords:
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis/diagnosis*COVID-19Glomerulonephritis/pathology*SARS-CoV-2*

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can trigger or worsen autoimmune conditions.
  • Crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) is a rare complication of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Observation:

  • Two cases of new-onset AAV following COVID-19 infection are presented.
  • Case 1: A 26-year-old male with acute kidney injury and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies post-COVID-19.
  • Case 2: A 36-year-old female with hearing loss, lung lesions, acute kidney injury, and anti-proteinase-3 antibodies post-COVID-19.

Findings:

  • Both patients exhibited necrotizing GN with cellular crescents on kidney biopsy.
  • Treatment involved immunosuppressants (methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide) and plasma exchange in one case.
  • Literature review identified four additional cases of new-onset AAV linked to COVID-19.

Implications:

  • COVID-19 may precipitate new-onset AAV, including pauci-immune GN.
  • Early diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment are crucial for managing AAV post-COVID-19.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection and AAV development.