Sjögren's syndrome: a systemic autoimmune disease

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Rheumatology
• Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

• Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease.
• Characterized by ocular and oral dryness due to lacrimal and salivary gland dysfunction.
• Presents with pleomorphic systemic manifestations affecting various organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent literature on Sjögren's syndrome.
• To cover pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic options.
• To provide an update for clinicians and researchers.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent publications.
• Synthesis of information on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
• Focus on primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome.

Main Results:

• Pathogenesis involves genetic/environmental factors and aberrant B-lymphocyte activity.
• Diagnosis relies on clinical signs, symptoms, histopathology, and autoantibodies.
• Treatment includes local, symptomatic, and systemic therapies (DMARDs, biologics).

Conclusions:

• Sjögren's syndrome pathogenesis is complex, involving immune system dysregulation.
• Accurate diagnosis utilizes clinical findings and specific biomarkers.
• Current treatments aim to manage symptoms and underlying disease activity.