Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.9K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.9K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

6.0K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.0K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

5.2K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
5.2K
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

43
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
43
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

2.4K
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
2.4K
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

2.3K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bundibugyo virus disease: transmission dynamics, infectiousness and viral persistence.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Intraoperative hepatic ultrasonography in patients with gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms without preoperative evidence of liver metastases.

Journal of neuroendocrinology·2025
Same author

Kinetics of the humoral and cellular immune response up to 1 year from mpox virus infection.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2025
Same author

Nutritional assessment and medical dietary therapy for management of obesity in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a practical guide for endocrinologist, nutritionists and nephrologists. A consensus statement from the Italian society of endocrinology (SIE), working group of the club nutrition-hormones and metabolism; the Italian society of nutraceuticals (SINut), club ketodiets and nutraceuticals "KetoNut-SINut"; and the Italian society of nephrology (SIN).

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2024
Same author

Glycemic control and cancer outcomes in oncologic patients with diabetes: an Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) multidisciplinary critical view.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2024
Same author

Once upon a time: the glucagon stimulation test in diagnosing adult GH deficiency.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2024
Same journal

Adult mice are more susceptible to high-fat diet-induced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance than juvenile mice.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same journal

Lactobacillus gasseri alleviates type 2 diabetes via modulation of gut microbiota-host metabolic networks.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same journal

Rare causes of exogenous Cushing's Syndrome: a challenge for endocrinologists.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same journal

Phase angle and triglyceride-glucose index as biomarkers of glycemic control, body composition and cardiovascular risk in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same journal

4-Methylumbelliferone for type 1 diabetes therapy: evidence for β-cell protection via EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same journal

Testosterone replacement therapy and cardiovascular safety in older men: lessons from TRAVERSE and beyond.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

4.1K

Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.

R Baldelli1, E Nicastri2, N Petrosillo2

  • 1Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|June 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with COVID-19 may develop non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS). Lower serum free triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels indicate more severe COVID-19 illness.

Keywords:
COVID-19Euthyroid sick syndromeNon-thyroidal illness syndromeSARS-CoV 2Thyroid functionThyroid hormones

More Related Videos

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.1K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

827

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

4.1K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.1K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

827

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), also known as euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS), is a biochemical state observed in severe illnesses.
  • NTIS is characterized by decreased serum free triiodothyronine (fT3) and sometimes free thyroxine (fT4) levels.
  • Thyroid hormone levels are linked to mortality, with NTIS associated with increased risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of NTIS in patients with COVID-19.
  • To explore the relationship between thyroid function and the severity of COVID-19 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated thyroid function in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (Group A) and those in intensive care (Group B).
  • Compared thyroid function markers against a control group of euthyroid patients (Group C).
  • Assessed serum fT3 and TSH levels in all groups.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients (Groups A and B) exhibited significantly reduced serum fT3 and TSH compared to controls (Group C).
  • Patients in the ICU (Group B) showed further significant reductions in fT3 and TSH compared to hospitalized patients (Group A).

Conclusions:

  • Hospitalized COVID-19 patients can present with non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS).
  • Lower serum fT3 and TSH levels correlate with increased COVID-19 severity.