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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

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Modelling delusions as temporally-evolving beliefs.

Philip R Corlett1, Paul Fletcher2,3,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
|June 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Delusions may not stem from a bias against disconfirmatory evidence. Instead, they represent an evolving uncertainty negotiation, where initial uncertainty fuels formation, and subsequent expectations reduce belief updating while allowing assimilation of contradictory evidence.

Keywords:
Delusionsbeliefpsychosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Delusions require explanation across neural, psychological, and sociological levels.
  • Understanding delusions necessitates bridging these explanatory levels for effective treatment.
  • Current debates focus on contributing factors, their interactions, and computational mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the hypothesis that a bias against disconfirmatory evidence explains the fixity of delusions.
  • To explore broader explanations for delusion formation and maintenance.
  • To investigate the role of cognitive architectures in delusion development.

Main Methods:

  • Review and critical evaluation of existing models of delusion formation.
  • Analysis of belief updating mechanisms in delusional individuals.
  • Theoretical modeling of cognitive processes underlying delusions.

Main Results:

  • A bias against disconfirmatory evidence may not sufficiently explain belief updating variance in delusional participants.
  • Such a bias might preclude the formation of certain delusions under specific cognitive architecture assumptions.
  • Delusions may not solely arise from a simple bias but involve more complex cognitive dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Delusions are conceptualized as an evolving negotiation driven by uncertainty between beliefs and evidence.
  • Initial delusion formation is fueled by unexpected uncertainty.
  • Once formed, delusions create expectations that modulate uncertainty, reducing updating while enabling assimilation of contradictory evidence.