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Updated: Nov 2, 2025
A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis
Published on: May 14, 2013
Carotid artery stenting has similar outcomes in men and women
Marina Ansuategui1, Gabriela Ibarra1, Carmen Romero1
1Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Insights
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is equally safe and effective for both men and women, with no observed sex-based differences in outcomes like stroke, restenosis, or mortality. This finding supports CAS as a viable treatment option for all patients.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Surgery
- Interventional Cardiology
- Cerebrovascular Disease Management
Background:
- Carotid interventions aim to prevent cerebrovascular events.
- Carotid-artery-stenting (CAS) is an alternative to open surgery.
- Female sex is historically considered a perioperative risk factor, with limited data on CAS outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and compare carotid-artery-stenting (CAS) outcomes between sexes.
- To assess cardiovascular risk, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality, stratified by sex.
- To evaluate long-term stent patency and restenosis rates in relation to sex.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing carotid atheromatosis intervention from January 2016 to June 2019.
- Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors, neurological events, and cardiological adverse events between male and female patients.
- Follow-up assessment of stent patency, restenosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and mortality rates.
Main Results:
- 71 interventions performed: 50 men (70.42%) and 21 women (29.57%).
- No significant differences in cardiovascular risk factors or neurological events between sexes.
- Similar rates of restenosis, reoperation, and mortality observed in both men and women during follow-up.
Conclusions:
- Carotid-artery-stenting (CAS) demonstrates comparable safety and efficacy in women compared to men.
- No sex-based disparities were identified in neurological events, cardiological events, or mortality.
- CAS is a suitable therapeutic option for both sexes in managing carotid atheromatosis.
Background:
The aim of carotid interventions is to prevent cerebrovascular events. Endovascular treatment (carotid-artery-stenting/CAS) has become established as an alternative to open surgery in some cases. Historically, female sex has been considered as a perioperative risk factor, however, there are few studies regarding this hypothesis when it comes to CAS.
Objectives:
To analyze the CAS results in our center adjusted by sex.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was designed, including patients with carotid atheromatosis operated at a single center from January 2016 to June 2019. Our objective was to compare cardiovascular risk, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality, by sex. Follow-up rates of stent patency, restenosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and death were reported.
Results:
71 interventions were performed in 50 men (70.42%) and 21 women (29.57%). Mean age was 70.50 ± 10.72 years for men and 73.62 ± 11.78 years for women. Cardiovascular risk factors did not differ significantly between sexes. Mean follow-up was 11.28 ± 11.28 months. There were no significant differences in neurological events during follow-up. No adverse cardiological events were detected at any time. Regarding the mortality rate, during medium-term follow up there were 2 neurological related deaths with no significant differences between sexes (p=0.8432). Neither sex had higher rated of restenosis during long term follow-up (5.63% vs. 1.41%, p = 0.9693) or reoperation (1.41% vs. 1.41%, p = 0.4971). All procedures remained patent (<50% restenosis).
Conclusions:
Despite the limitations of our study, CAS is a therapeutic option that is as effective and safe in women as in men. No sex differences were observed.
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