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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

A New Hybrid Quantitative Evaluation Model for Axillary Junctional Hemorrhage in Swine
Published on: December 6, 2024
An Inexpensive model to teach hemorrhage control in resource limited settings
Omar Abbas Ahmed Malik1, Rijah Chhapra2
1Dr. Omar Abbas Ahmed Malik, MBBS, Patients' Aid Foundation, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract:
We have created a bleeding leg simulator using inexpensive and readily available materials to teach civilians in resource-poor settings how to control exsanguinating hemorrhage until the patient can be brought to the hospital, as commercially available mannequins are often too expensive in these settings. Items used include a leg of lamb, IV tubing, IV fluids, and food coloring. The model was consistently rated as ''nearly - real'' to ''life like'' by ten physicians and surgeons, cost less than fifty dollars to make, and provided a fairly realistic model for teaching hemorrhage control.

