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Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Secondary to Salmonella spp. in a Patient With Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis

Katia El Jurdi1, Ali Taleb1, William J Salyers1

  • 1Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, USA.

Cureus
|June 9, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious cirrhosis complication. This case highlights a rare instance of Salmonella enterica causing SBP, emphasizing the need for vigilance against atypical pathogens.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent and severe complication in patients with cirrhosis.
  • Gram-negative bacteria are the most common causative agents of SBP.
  • SBP secondary to Salmonella spp. is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A case report of Salmonella enterica causing SBP in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis is presented.
  • Diagnosis was established through paracentesis, including ascitic fluid analysis and culture.
  • This highlights an atypical presentation of SBP.

Findings:

  • Salmonella enterica was identified as the causative pathogen in SBP.
  • The patient had decompensated cirrhosis, a known risk factor for SBP.
  • Diagnostic paracentesis confirmed the infection.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for unusual causes of SBP.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing SBP, even with atypical pathogens.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering a broad spectrum of bacteria in SBP etiology.
Keywords:
ascitic fluid analysisascitic fluid culturedecompensated cirrhosissalmonella entericaspontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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