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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line
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Optic perineuritis.

Sukriti Gupta1, Prabhpreet Sethi2, RamKrishan Duvesh1

  • 1Ophthalmology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

BMJ Open Ophthalmology
|June 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optic perineuritis (OPN) is a rare optic nerve sheath inflammation that mimics optic neuritis. Early MRI diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment lead to good prognosis, but rapid steroid tapering risks relapse.

Keywords:
imagingoptic nervetreatment medical

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Optic perineuritis (OPN) is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the optic nerve sheath.
  • It can be idiopathic or secondary to systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • OPN often presents with unilateral vision loss, eye pain, and optic disc edema, mimicking optic neuritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate OPN from optic neuritis.
  • To highlight diagnostic methods for OPN.
  • To discuss OPN management and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings.
  • Response to corticosteroid therapy.

Main Results:

  • OPN typically affects older individuals and may spare central vision, unlike optic neuritis.
  • MRI demonstrating perineural enhancement is diagnostic.
  • Oral corticosteroids yield rapid improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Timely diagnosis and treatment of OPN are crucial.
  • Corticosteroid therapy is effective, but careful tapering is needed to prevent relapses.
  • OPN generally has a favorable prognosis with appropriate management.