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Early breast cancer detection in Oman is crucial. A mobile mammography program showed low adherence (18%) among women, highlighting the need for improved screening strategies and data collection.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Most breast cancers in Oman are diagnosed at advanced stages, necessitating early detection strategies.
  • The Oman Cancer Association (OCA) launched a mobile mammography program in 2009, but its impact remains unevaluated.
  • Evaluating screening program effectiveness is vital for improving cancer outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the proportion and predictors of adherence to repeated mammography among women screened by the OCA.
  • To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the OCA's mobile mammography program.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing breast cancer screening in Oman.

Main Methods:

  • Retrieved demographic, screening, diagnosis, and treatment data for 13,079 women screened by OCA (2009-2016).
  • Analyzed medical records of breast cancer patients from Royal and Sultan Qaboos University Hospitals (2009-2016).
  • Employed logistic regression to identify predictors of mammography adherence in 8,278 women aged over 42.

Main Results:

  • Only 18% of initially negative screened women adhered to recommended follow-up screening.
  • Adherence predictors included age (50-69 years), family history of cancer/breast cancer, and breast self-examination.
  • The cancer detection rate was 4.1/1000 screened women, with a positive predictive value of 4.7%, sensitivity of 53%, and specificity of 92%.

Conclusions:

  • Low mammography adherence among previously screened women in Oman was observed.
  • The program demonstrated low sensitivity but high specificity and an acceptable cancer detection rate.
  • Future programs require improved data collection, database linkage, and standardized screening guidelines.