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Examining developmental plasticity in the skeletal system through a sensitive developmental windows framework.

Cait B McPherson1,2

  • 1School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|June 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Environmental stressors during sensitive developmental windows (SDWs) can impact life course health. This study proposes a framework for skeletal biology to identify and interpret skeletal stress indicators related to SDWs.

Keywords:
plasticitysensitive developmental windowsskeletal system

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Area of Science:

  • Human skeletal biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Developmental plasticity allows phenotypic adjustments to environmental stressors, influencing life course health.
  • The timing of stress exposure, particularly during sensitive developmental windows (SDWs), critically affects developmental processes and growth.
  • Existing methods in skeletal biology can be enhanced by integrating the SDW concept to understand developmental environments' impact on health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline an interpretive framework for identifying and interpreting skeletal evidence of developmental stress using the SDW concept.
  • To guide the selection of skeletal elements most indicative of stress relevant to research questions.
  • To connect skeletal stress indicators to demographic patterns of morbidity and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • The article proposes a conceptual framework, not empirical methods.
  • Focuses on identifying skeletal indicators of developmental stress.
  • Emphasizes interpreting these indicators within the context of sensitive developmental windows (SDWs).

Main Results:

  • A framework is presented for analyzing skeletal stress.
  • The framework links skeletal indicators to specific developmental periods (SDWs).
  • It aims to enhance the understanding of developmental origins of health and disease.

Conclusions:

  • The SDW concept offers a valuable addition to skeletal biology for studying developmental stress.
  • This approach can refine hypotheses on the developmental origins of health and disease.
  • Targeting SDWs allows for a more precise understanding of susceptibility to stress and plasticity.