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Wildfire Burn Patients: A Unique Population.

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Wildfire burn patients face higher risks of mortality, longer hospital stays, and increased wound infections compared to non-wildfire burn patients. These findings highlight the need for specialized care for wildfire survivors.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Burn Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change, leading to more burn injuries.
  • Outcomes for patients with wildfire-related burns are not well-documented.
  • Understanding these outcomes is crucial for improving patient care and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and compare outcomes of wildfire burn patients versus matched non-wildfire burn controls.
  • To evaluate the impact of wildfire burns on mortality, length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, readmission, and wound infections.
  • To assess patient presentation times and operating room utilization following major wildfires.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of burn center database to identify patients from Tubbs or Camp wildfires.
  • Matched control group of non-wildfire burn patients.
  • Comparison of primary outcome (mortality) and secondary outcomes (LOS, ICU LOS, readmission, wound infections).
  • Analysis of patient presentation timing and operating room use.

Main Results:

  • Wildfire burn patients (n=16) showed trends towards higher mortality (19% vs. 9%), longer LOS (18 vs. 15 days), longer ICU LOS (17 vs. 11 days), increased readmissions (19% vs. 3%), and higher wound infection rates (31% vs. 19%).
  • Most wildfire patients (88%) presented within 24 hours.
  • Significant operating room time was utilized within the first week post-wildfire.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with wildfire-related burns may be at increased risk for adverse outcomes, including mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and infections.
  • Early presentation and resource utilization highlight the acute demand for care following wildfires.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these trends and develop targeted interventions for wildfire burn survivors.